Acid Dyes thiab cov dyes yooj yim sib txawv hauv ntau yam. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm ob hom dyes:
I. Lo lus txhais thiab ionization tej yam
Acid Dyes:
Cov no tsis tas yuav qhia tau tias lawv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous yog acidic. Theej, lawv muaj acidic auxochnes uas hnov cov hauv paus los tsim cov ntsev, thiab cov xim tso tawm los ntawm lawv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueous.
Acid Dyes yog ib hom chromate ntsev muaj acidic auxochnes. Lawv feem ntau hnov qab nrog cov hauv paus los ua cov sodium, potassium, calcium, cov ntsev ammium, lossis feem ntau soluble hauv dej thiab ethanol.
Yooj yim kawg:
Cov no tsis tas yuav qhia tias lawv cov kev daws teeb meem aqueey yog alkaline. Theej, lawv tsim cov ntsev nrog cov kua qaub thiab tso tawm cov xim ions raws li cations rau kev ionization.
Yooj yim kawg li feem ntau ionize mus rau hauv cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab cations xim.
Ii. Molecular qauv thiab auxochnes
Acid Dyes:
Muaj cov acidic auxochnes, xws li hydroxyl ({{} hwj} Oh} COoh), thiab sulfonic acid (-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
Thaum cov auxochnores hnov mob nrog cov hauv paus, cov zas molecules ionize los tsim cov actions.
Yooj yim kawg:
Muaj qhov pib bushochnes, xws li imino ({0}} nh -}}} n (ch3) 2].
Thaum cov auxochnores hnov mob nrog cov acids, cov zas molecules ionize los ua cations.
III. Cov Ntawv Thov thiab Siv
Acidic Dyes:
Mas siv cov cytopasmic stains, lawv feem ntau siv los ua cytoplasm hauv kev sim biological.
Lawv tau siv dav rau cov ntaub plaub tsiaj, cov nylak, thiab tseem siv tau rau tawv, ntawv, thiab cov kua mem.
Acidic Dyes muaj ntau xim spectrum thiab cov xim qaim, tab sis cov xim xim, tab sis cov xim xim txawv nyob ntawm seb yam zas xim.
Yooj yim kawg:
Mas siv cov nuclear stains, lawv feem ntau siv los ua lub cell nucleus nyob rau hauv kev sim roj biological.
Lawv tau dav siv rau daim ntawv dyeing, paj rwb, ntaub, tawv, thiab cov khoom ntim, thiab tseem siv tau los zas acrylic fibers.
Cov lus nug yooj yim kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub pas dej Pigments rau cov xim pleev xim rau xim, inks, cov khoom siv roj av, thiab lwm yam khoom.
IV. Dyeing tej yam thiab kev ceev faj
Acid Dyes:
Lawv tsis muaj txoj cai ncaj qha mus rau cellulose fibers thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau dyeing cellulose fibers.
Vim yog lawv cov qauv sib txawv ntau, cov kua qaub sib txawv muaj ntau cov duab zas thiab xav tau sib txawv zas caj dab.
Yooj yim kawg:
Thaum plying paj rwb fibers, lawv yuav tsum xub ua mordanted nrog tannic acid ua ntej zas accing thiab luam ntawv.
Thaum zas protein fibers (xws li cov ntaub plaub thiab lo lo ntxhuav), lawv lub nrawm yog neeg pluag, tshwj xeeb yog hnub ci.
Cov neeg tuag yooj yim tuaj yeem raug txo kom muaj xim sib xyaw lossis cov ntaub ntawv quas liab los ntawm kev txo cov neeg sawv cev. Cov no tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv cov xim qub thaum sib cuag nrog huab cua lossis los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation me me.
